Commentary. Zahn is pleased that several points which caused him greatest difficulty when the paper was first presented have been eliminated by Rubenstein. The largest remaining problem is Rubenstein's use of the term "anticipations." He never makes it clear what exactly he means by "anticipations," and equally vague are the conclusions, if any, Rubenstein wants us to draw from the "anticipations." Anticipations can have three meanings. The first would be referring to order of appearance in a time sequence. Also there is the "anticipation" in which there is foreshadowing of what is yet to come. Lastly, there is anticipation in which a causal link, thought not necessarily intention can be established. Rubenstein cites Weber's work in bureaucracy, his "pariah" concept and his leadership hierarchy as "anticipations" for the Nazi dictatorship and Holocaust. However Rubenstein never demonstrates why Weber was singled out, and not Eugene Sue, Frederick the Great or Darwin. Overall, Zahn sees Rubenstein's work as impressive, but empty.