Papers of Sister Marie Augusta Neal, SND de Namur, a sociologist on faculty at Emmanuel College in Boston, Massachusetts. She received a B.A. from Emmanuel College in 1942, an M.A. from Boston College in 1953, and a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1963. In her research and publications Neal has dealt with the renewal in religious life and life in the Church, and she has sought to integrate the discipline of sociology with the prophetic tradition of biblical religion.

Born Helen C. Neal, June 21, 1921, in Brighton, MA, Sr Marie Augusta Neal received an A.B. from Emmanuel College, an M.A. from Boston College, and a Ph.D. in Sociology from Harvard University, 1963. She taught secondary school from 1946-53 before beginning her teaching and research career at Emmanuel College in Boston. Beside her teaching, her work in her order of the Sisters' of Notre Dame de Namur and for the Conference of Major Superiors of Women's Institutes, Sr Neal served on the Boston Archdiocesan Commission on Human Rights, and as an area chairperson for the Governor's Commission on the Status of Women in Massachusetts. In 1965, Sr Neal became director of the newly organized Research Committee of the Conference of Major Superiors of Women's Institutes (CMSW). In this capacity she directed a "systematic examination of the resources of Sisters in the U.S. for the work of the Church in the post-Conciliar era" (Notes on Plan of Research, August, 1966). Originally planned as a two stage study, the research developed into a many stage, multi-year project. The foundational stages were a 1966 survey of the personnel and resources of American women's religious orders, and a 1967 attitude survey of 139,000 American sisters in apostolic orders. These were followed by a survey of religious in contemplative orders in 1968, the development of an instrument to assess the populations served by religious in the same year, a content analysis of decrees from post-Conciliar renewal chapters in 1973, a partial retest of the 1967 Sisters' Survey in 1968, updates of this survey in 1979-1980 and 1989-1990, and an update of the 1966 congregational survey in 1982.

In addition to her work with the CMSW Research Committee, Sr. Neal also conducted or assisted in several related projects: a self- study by the Jesuits in the provinces of California and Oregon, a multi-national self-study by her own order, the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur, and a survey of Catholic Schools in South Africa.

At the heart of Sr Neal's research is the question of the readiness of religious for renewal and social activism in the direction envisioned by Vatican II. She attempts to determine factors which are conducive for change. She uses the data gathered in the surveys for comparitive studies of religious orders having varying levels of experimentation and displaying different degrees of willingness to change. Central to her research is the use of "scales," multi-item measures of attitude, to measure belief and willingness to change. Sr. Neal had begun to experiment with these scales in her doctoral dissertation.

What follows is a description of Sr. Neal's work in three parts:

I. Doctoral Dissertation and Use of Scales

II. CMSW Research Committee Studies

III. Related Studies

Following this description of Sr. Neal's research are a glossary of terms used in her work, a note on the computer tapes her research generated, and an annotated bibliography of her published writings.

I. Doctoral Dissertation and Use of Scales

A. 1961 Priests Study (no tape)

In this study Sr. Neal develops the study design used for her later surveys. She also develops what in later studies will be called the "Neal scale": a measure for assessing attitudes toward values and change. The methodology of the study is described in Sr. Marie Augusta Neal, "Methodology for the Examination of the Function of Values and Interests in the Process of Social Change," Sociological Analysis 25 (1964): 75-90.

Conducted in 1961 for Sr. Neal's doctoral dissertaion, published in 1965 as Values and Interest in Social Change (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall), this study attempts to test the significance of motivational orientation and attitudes toward change for predicting response to pressures for social change. Based on their responses to an attitude survey, priests from the Boston Archdiocese were categorized in four orientation categories according to whether they were motivated by philosophical values (value) or personal self-interest (interest), and according to their attitudes toward change (positive = change, negative = nonchange). The resulting categories were: value-change, value-nonchange, interest- change, interest-nonchange. The priests responses to stimuli for social change were then measured and correlated with the four categories.

The attitude survey was sent to a random sample of approximately 1/4 of the clergy in the Archdiocese of Boston, stratified according to age (+/- the mean of 46 years) and type of parish (urban/suburban). There was a 70% response (259 of 367). Background information on family, education, status and reading habits was also solicited. (The attitude survey may be found in Values and Interest in Social Change, pp. 168-72 (HM101.N342); the background survey is not available.)

Response to pressure for social change was measured through a follow-up taped interview with the top ten respondents in each orientation category. Interview questions included stimulus statements from Catholic writers urging change in the Church in five areas of interpersonal relations: command-obedience (father-child), social responsibility, independence training of children, respect for intellectual life, and motiviational awareness. These were followed by probing questions. The tapes were transcribed and the responses coded for assent-dissent patterns, definition of situations, style of responses, and defense mechanisms. (Neither taped interviews nor transcripts are available. Sample questions are provided in Sr. Marie Augusta Neal, "Methodology for the Examination of the Function of Values and Interests in the Process of Social Change," Sociological Analysis 25 (1964): 83.)

B. Use of Scales

Central to all of Sr Neal's work is the use of scales to measure attitude, though she did not yet use that term in the 1961 priests study. Attitude scales are a way of measuring strength or intensity of attitudes, from low to high, toward particular persons, situations or things, (in this case, toward change and philosophical values). Responses are collected to a number of statements which take, in equal numbers, positive and negative positions toward the object in question. Each statement offers a range of responses to show degree of agreement or disagreement. The assumption is made that a particular attitude will lead to consistency of response. The responses are combined into a single numerical score known as an index which allows the respondent to be placed on a continuum for purposes of comparison.

The priests study uses two continua: high interest motivation to high value motivation, and high nonchange to high change. 60 cliche- type statements were culled from periodicals and other attitude-measuring instruments. The statements were chosen on the basis of their power to discriminate between value-oriented and interest-oriented persons, and between those open to change and those who resist change. The discriminatory power of the statements was determined in test studies of persons with known attitudes based on assessment by peers. Fifteen statements for each variable were chosen. Answers were scored on a range of -3 to +3 based on six possible responses: strongly disagree, disagree, slightly disagree, slightly agree, agree, stongly agree. No response was scored as 0. Scored answers were summed for each variable. Respondents were scored on the two continua based on the absolute difference between their value and interest scores, and between their change and nonchange scores. They were then grouped into the four orientation categories: value-change, value-nonchange, interest-change, interest-nonchange.

II. CMSW Research Committee Studies

A. 1966 Congregational Survey (1 tape, not converted)

CNEA 2-11, 53-55

This was Part I of the original research plan. It consisted of a survey of major superiors of provinces and orders who were members of CMSW conducted in the summer of 1966 consisting of 133 items. The survey gathered information on demographics, entering trends, formation programs, distribution of personnel, property, education of the sisters, administration, governance and polity, trends in work, those leaving communities, and directions in and expectations for change in liturgy, formation programs, and consitutions. Questions were asked covering the years 1956-1965 to show changes over time. The questionnaire can be found in Appendix II of Sr Marie Augusta Neal, Catholic Sisters in Transition (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1984; BX4210.N434 1984 and in CNEA 40/15), and in CNEA 40/12.

Each province and order was assigned a number for reporting purposes, and so that the information could be correlated with the later population survey. This was originally the same code given to congregations for the CMSW Sister Formation Survey. Soon, however, each province, order, or congregation was also given a three digit code based on the Kenedy Official Catholic Directory listing of religious institutes. These codes would remain consistent throughout the many stages of the study. Province / order codes can be found in CNEA 13/ "Participants".

415 responses were received. The completed questionnaires, organized by community numerical code, are found in CNEA 5-11.

The responses were processed in two parts. Part IA gives frequencies and percentages to numerically measured items. Part IB gives crosstabulations of the national data. Computer printouts of Part IA, given by order, are found in CNEA 53/01-02, 54/01, 55/01. Computer printouts of Part IB are found in CNEA 54-55.

Each participating community was given the results from its own survey of those items which could be tabulated numenrically, as well as national totals for comparison. The report of national totals can be found in CNEA 40/13. Results of this survey were reported in the 1967 Proceedings of the Annual Assembly of CMSW (in CLCW 10/12), and in Sr Marie Augusta Neal, Catholic Sisters in Transition (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1984), which compares the data with those gathered in a 1982 follow-up survey (BX4210.N434 1984 and in CLCW 40/15).

B. 1967 Sisters' Survey (12 tapes: full population - 7 tapes; random stratified sample of 5000 - 1 tape; random sample of 37,000 - 1 tape; black sisters - 1 tape; The 20 (see below, 1980) - 1 tape; Enterprise Group (see below, 1980) - 1 tape)

CNEA 1-2 (Correspondence), 12-16, 56-94

Part II of the original research plan, this was a population attitude survey of sisters in the orders surveyed in Part I. Of the original 415 orders, 39 did not participate in Part II. 22 new groups joined the survey. 157,917 surveys were mailed out in April 1967. 139,691 responses were eventually received. Most of the analysis, however, was conducted on the first 135,106 responses received by June 1967.

For purposes of preserving anonymity, each sister was assigned a nine-digit number, which can be broken down as follows: first three - order, second three - house, last three - sister in house. The numbers for the sisters in each house begin with 101.

The questionnaire (found in CNEA 40/12) consisted of 649 items. These were divided into twelve sections:

I. Statements about Beliefs - 60 items II. Vows and Apostolate - 40 items III. Structural Changes Introduced - 15 items IV. Attitudes - 65 items

V. Census Data and Community - 241 items VI. Current Conditions: Community & Communication - 36 items VII. General Opinions - 83 items VIII. Opinions for Future Plans - 38 items IX. Social Assessment - 16 items

X. Assessment of Structure - 16 items XI. Proposals on Structure - 31 items XII. Conclusions - 8 items

Sections I, II, and IV consist of statements designed to elicit reactions useful for developing scales to assess belief and attitude orientations of sisters. The method used for developing these scales is similar to that used by Sr. Neal in her earlier study of Boston priests (see above).

Section I items are intended to discriminate between two belief orientations: Pre-Vatican II and Post-Vatican II (developed by Sr. Elena Malits, CSC, for this study). Theological statements culled from theological writings and selected through pre- tests were coded as either Theology Pre or Theology Post. There were 30 statements in each category covering beliefs about God, the Church, Christ, sacraments, and eschatology. To each statement there were five possible responses: 1) Yes, 2) No, 3) Undecided or Uncertain, 4) The topic is irrelevant or meaningless in this form, and 4) The statement is so annoying to me that I cannot answer. The responses were weighted as follows: 1) +4, 2) -4, 3) +2, 4) -1, 5) - 1. The response scores in each category (Theology Pre and Theology Post) were summed.

Section II items are intended to discrimate between Pre- and Post-Vatican II orientations in four areas related to religious life: for the vows of chastity, poverty and obedience; and the apostolate. For each area there were five statements in each category (Pre- and Post-Vatican II). The same possible responses and weightings as in section I were used.

Section IV contains statements for 5 sociological scales:

-the F (authoritarian personality) scale developed by T. Adorno (also referred to in Sr Neal's papers as the Indirect Measure of Prejudice, or the Indirect Measure of Rejection of Others): 12 items,

-a Direct Measure of Prejudice (Rejection of Others): 8 items,

-an Anomie scale: 9 items taken from Herbert McClosky and John H. Schaar, "Psychological Dimension of Anomy," American Sociological Review 30 (1965): 23,

-a Political Pessimism Scale: 4 items reported by Gertrude Selznick at the American Sociological Association convention in 1966,

-the Neal Scale developed by Sr. Neal for the study of Boston Priests: 5 items for each of four variables: value, interest, change, nonchange.

There are 12 items not otherwise described, but which appear to attempt a measure of religious prejudice--e.g., 141: "Jewish businessmen are about as honest as other businessmen."; or 147: "Most Protestants are inclined to discriminate against Catholics." These items are: 141, 144, 147, 150, 153, 156, 159, 162, 165, 168, 171, 174. There are five possible responses to the statements in this section: 1) Disagree very much, 2) Disagree somewhat, 3) Neither agree nor disagree, 4) Agree somewhat, 5) Agree very much. These are weighted from +1 to +5 for scoring.

Sr Neal developed other scales in later analyses. Information on all the scales can be found in CNEA 14-15, 36-37, and in a file marked "Summer 79 SS" in CNEA 34. "Summer 79 SS" also contains a table showing how each of the 1967 survey questions was used in subsequent analyses.

The remaining sections of the questionnaire solicited background and census data on the sisters and the sisters evaluation of the structure, organization, community life and activities of their congregations, as well as their assessment of changes in their orders. A breakdown of survey items by target category (e.g., "Structural Changes Introduced," "Community," "Personal Fulfillment," "Government," "Rule") for sections III and V-XII can be found in CNEA 15 in a folder marked "Part II - Items in Categories."

The frequencies and percentages for each order were reported to that order, along with the national totals for comparison. These frequency books, arranged by clusters of provinces and orders, identified by numerical code, are found in CNEA 56-74. The clusters are of two types: orders with multiple provinces, and orders grouped by rule (e.g. Franciscan, Dominican, etc.) or national origin and type of work. The national totals of frequencies and percentages can be found in CNEA 40/13.

National frequencies and percentages were reported for the whole population. Cross tabulations were only done on random samples taken from the population data. The samples were stratified by order. The largest sample was 37,000, using approximately one hundred respondents from each order. The Archives has data tapes for samples of 37,000 and 5,000. Information on how the samples were drawn can be found in CNEA 15 in folders marked "Population - Sample" and "Sample of 5000 + 3000."

Computer programs developed for cross tabulations were also made available to the participating orders to be used on their data. Lists of the variables for Programs A, B, and C, giving the codes for the variables and the numbers of the related questions in the Survey can be found in a file marked "On-going Reports to Major Superiors on the Sisters' Survey 1967" in CNEA 14.

Early analyses done on the data were reported at the Annual Assembly of CMSW in 1967, published in Proceedings of the Annual Assembly, pp. 1-33 (in CLCW 10/12). Graphs and charts to accompany the report can be found in CNEA 14.

Further analyses on the data include a comparison of religious congregations with varying levels of experimentation. The results of this comparison were reported by Sr Neal in the H. Paul Douglass Lectures at the national meeting of the Religious Research Association in 1970, published in Review of Religious Research 12 (1970-71): 2-16, 153-64 (in CNEA 40/14). Material supporting this analysis is found in CNEA 15-16, 75-89.

Sr Neal also did comparative study of the socially active Loose Association of religious congregations and a more conservative counter group known as the Consortium (see Glossary for more on these groups). Sr Neal saw membership in these organizations as behavioral outcomes which could be predicted by the belief scales in the Sisters' Survey. She reported the results of her study at the 1975 International Conference on Sociology of Religion in Lloret de Mar, Spain, published in CISR, Religion and Social Change: Acts of the 13th Conference (Lille, France: Edition du Secretariat CISR, 1975): 59-86. Computer printouts supporting this study are found in CNEA 90-93. Material on Sr Neal's own activity in the founding of the Loose Association is found in CNEA 52.

C. 1968 Sisters' Survey Retest (no tape)

CNEA 17 (2 folders)

A survey instrument of 304 items was adapted from the Sisters' Survey and made available to orders desiring to measure the effect of change in their orders. Items which repeated items from the Sisters' Survey give the original number in parentheses. The retest survey contained items for the development of three scales: Belief (items 1-6), Anomie (items 7-15), and the Strang scale (measuring Conservative, Liberal, Radical positions on current issues; items 297-301). A computer program, Program AA, was prepared for cross-tabulations. The list of variables for this program and other material related to the retest are found in CNEA 17 in a file marked "S.S. Retest 1969." The questionnaire can also be found in CNEA 40/12. The report of the results of the survey of one province can be found in CNEA 40/13.

D. 1968 Assessment of Life and Works (no tape)

CNEA 17-19

This survey instrument was developed at a summer institute for advanced research methods conducted at Emmanuel College. It is intended for a survey of the general public to determine attitudes toward religious orders and their work. The instrument consists of 376 items. It incorporates many of the scale items from the Sisters' Survey. The questionnaire was made available to the orders for their use. A program for the analysis of results was also offered. A copy of the fifth and final draft of the questionnaire can be found in CNEA 40/12. An instruction booklet for using the instrument, which also describes its composition, can be found in CNEA 17, which also contains material related to the institute and the development of the instrument, as well as 352 completed questionnaires from a pre-test using the second draft of the survey. There is no summary report for this survey. E. 1968 Survey for Contemplatives (1 tape, not converted)

CNEA 19, 94-99

The Sisters' Survey was adapted for contemplative orders, which had not been included in the original survey. Some items were reworded (marked with a dot), others omitted or completely changed (marked with *), but the original numbering was retained. 15 groups totaling 1356 persons participated. The questionnaire can be found in CNEA 40/12. A report of total population frequencies and percentages can be found in CNEA 40/13. Frequency and percentage reports by order can be found in CLCW 19. A final interpretive report by Sr Neal from June 20, 1970, which includes a description of both the Sisters' Survey and the Contemplative Survey, can be found in CNEA 40/13 and CNEA 19.

F. 1973 Analysis of Chapter Decrees of Religious Orders

This study was conducted as part of the Sisters' Survey Project. The goal was to see how religious orders were adapting to the renewal of Vatican II. 278 new chapter decrees, mandated by the 1966 Motu Proprio "Ecclesiae Sanctae," which directed the implementation of Vatican II's Decree on the Renewal of Religious Life, were collected and analyzed. These materials can be found in CNEA 20-32. A team of three sisters coded the documents according to 49 pre-established categories of style (e.g., "Manner of communication:" "Formal and dull," "Formal and legalistic," etc.) and content (e.g., "Statement of Purpose:" "sound like post-Vatican era," "timid response" to Vatican II, etc.) The final report consisted of percentages of documents with each style and content characteristic. The report can be found in CNEA 40/13. Reports for individual orders are often located with the orders' decrees in CNEA 20-32.

Sr Neal continued to collect the chapter decrees, rules and constitutions of religious orders. She undertook a further study of chapter decrees in 1977 and a comparison of 20 constitutions with these decrees in 1983. These studies are mentioned in Neal, "Who They Are and What They Do: Current Forms of Religious Life in the U.S. Church," in Robert J. Daly, et al., eds., Religious Life in the U.S. Church, NY: Paulist Press, 1984: 152-71, but there are no separate reports or materials for these studies in the Neal papers. The collected documents are found in CNEA 33- 34. Similar material, also collected by Sr Neal, can be found in PLCW.

G. 1979-1980 Sisters' Survey Update (2 tapes: duplicates)

CLCW 86/1 - Correspondence

CNEA 34-37

This was the first update of the 1967 study. Of the 426 items in the survey instrument, 175 replicated items from 1967. Most of the repeated items were census data. 18 of the Post- Pre (Vatican II Theology) Scale from 1967 were repeated to form an NBelief scale. The first 55 items were drawn from proposals made at the 1976 Detroit Call to Action meeting. These were used for a number of attitude scales. Items for other new scales--e.g., Religious Calling, Prayer, Women in the Church, etc.--were also incorporated into the survey. The list of scales and the items that comprise them can be found in the file marked "Scales 1967, 80, 90" in CNEA 37. The survey instrument can be found in CNEA 40/12.

The survey was administered to 30 orders. (NB: Whole orders, not provinces, were used: When a selected order was comprised of many provinces, its 1967 cluster was used for comparison. These clusters were assigned numerical codes between 701 and 713.) Twenty of these orders were chosen for the distribution of their scores on "Post Vatican Belief" from the 1967 survey (Post-Vatican II score minus Pre-Vatican II score); these Sr Neal labeled "the 20." They were surveyed in the fall/winter of 1979-1980. The remaining orders volunteered for the study; these were labeled "the Enterprise" group. Nine responded to appeals in the LCWR Update (Mar. 10 and Apr. 16, 1980; CLCW 16/21) and were surveyed in the spring of 1980. The remaining one was used for a 1978 pre-test of the instrument. The list of participating orders is found in CLCW 86/1 and in folders marked "Address Lists" and "Population '79" in CNEA 34.

For orders with populations of less than 300, the whole population was surveyed; for orders with more than 300, a random sample was used. "The 20" had a combined 62% response rate with 3740 responses. These responses served as the basis for the national percentages reported in "First Report of the Sisters' Survey of '80" (found in CNEA 35) and the interpretive "Sisters' Survey 1980 National Profile" (published in The Probe, found in CNEA 40/13). Each of the participating orders received a copy of the first report, which included their own percentages alongside the national percentages, and an interpretative profile of their order. Copies of these reports can be found in CNEA 35-36. Some questions provided opportunity for extended written answers. The written answers received are found in CNEA 34 in a folder marked "Operating File SS 80."

H. 1982 Congregational Survey Update (1 tape)

CLCW 86/1 - Correspondence

CNEA 37-39

This is the update of Part I of the Sisters' Survey, the survey of major superiors of provinces and orders. The questionnaire follows closely the 1966 questionnaire. It can be found in Appendix II of Sr. Marie Augusta Neal, Catholic Sisters in Transition (Wilmington: Michael Glazier, 1984; BX4210.N434 1984; CNEA 40/15), which also contains Sr Neal's published report. The 342 returned, completed questionnaires are found in CLCW 37-39.

I. 1989-1990 Second Update of Sisters' Survey (diskette)

CNEA 39-43

This is the final update of Part II of the Sisters' Survey of 1967. The questionnaire consisted of 363 items. 174 of these repeated items from the 1967 survey, and 321 repeated items from the 1979-80 survey. The first twenty-nine items were drawn from the 1988 encyclical Solicitudo Rei Socialis (On Social Concern) and were used for a Social Concern (SOCCON) scale. Other new scales included a MISSION scale, based on items taken from the mission statements of various orders, and a WOMEN scale, based on items related to women's issues. The PREPOST scale repeats the Pre- and Post-Vatican II Belief scales of the previous surveys. The survey instrument can be found in CNEA 40/12, and in CLCW 42/6.

Unlike the previous surveys, this was not a survey of orders, but of a national random sample of 3000 drawn from a list of all women religious. 2123 responses were received for a response rate of 74 per cent.

Six orders, however, administered the survey to all of their members. CNEA 40-42 contains correspondence with each of these orders and computer printouts with frequencies and cross tabulations of their data.

A construction of the scales in this survey is described in the self-published report by Sr. Neal, "A Report of the National Profile of the Third Sisters' Survey" (Boston, July 1991; revised February 20, 1992), pp. 23-24 n. 16, which is located in CNEA 40/13, and CLCW 40/1. The list of items the scales are derived from can be found in Appendix II of this report. Appendix I gives the response percentages to each item, and the percentages from 1967 and 1980 for the repeated items.

Sr Neal summarized and interpreted the whole Sisters Survey project in an article titled "American Sisters: Organizational and Value Changes," Religion and the Social Order 2 (1991): 105- 121 (found in CNEA 40/14).

III. Related Studies

A. 1967 Notre Dame International Survey (1 tape, not converted)

CNEA 44/1, 105-109

This survey adapted the questionnaire of the Sisters' Survey for use by all 17 provinces of the order of Notre Dame de Namur. It omitted or substituted for certain items (marked with *) and reworded others (underlined), but retained the same numbering for comparison with the Sisters' Survey results. The survey was conducted in English, French, Flemish, Italian and Japanese. A copy of the questionnaire can be found in CNEA 40/12. Computer books reporting the data by province can be found in CNEA 105- 109/1. A report generated using Program A of the Sisters' Survey can be found in a report in CNEA 40/13 and CNEA 44/1. No book with raw frequencies and percentages has been located.

B. 1968 Jesuit Self-Study, California/Oregon Provinces (no tape)

CNEA 44/2-4, 109-110

The Sisters' Survey instrument was adapted for use by the Jesuits of California and Oregon. CNEA 109-110 contains the survey instrument (with changed items marked by hand), computer runs with Program A and a special program for the Jesuits, and two reports: A Profile of the Community, and Religious Attitudes and Practice. Two other reports generated using the survey are not here: Attitudes toward Change, and Authoritarianism and Prejudice. A report on this study can be found in Volume III, Chapter 9 of the General Survey of the Society of Jesus, North American Assistancy, edited by Bruce F. Biever, SJ and Thomas M. Gannon, SJ (National Office of Pastoral Research, 1969).

C. 1970-1971 South African Catholic Education Study (2 tapes: School (and School Finance?) Reports, 1 tape; Attitude Survey, 1 tape)

CNEA 45-50, 111-113

This study was conducted by Sr. Neal at the request of the South African Catholic Education Council. It combines the goals of the Sisters' Survey and the Assessment of Life and Works, surveying both institutions and the publics they serve.

The study was conducted in two stages following the model of the Sisters' Survey.

The first stage consisted of six data surveys sent to heads of institutions: a School Report, a School Finances Report, a Diosesan Report, a Diocesan Finances Report, a Religious Order Report, and a Parish Report. Copies of all the report forms and completed reports can be found in CNEA 45 and 47. Computer printouts of the data from the School Reports and School Finance Reports are found in CNEA 113.

The second stage consisted of an attitude survey of random samples of target populations: European (i.e., white) Parents of children in Catholic Schools, Non-European (i.e., non-white) Parents, European Pupils in Catholic Schools, Non-European Pupils, European Alumnae of Catholic Schools, Non-European Alumnae, Teachers in European Catholic Schools, Teachers in Non-European Catholic Schools, School Inspectors, and Friends of European Parents (with no children in Catholic Schools). The survey instrument consisted of 400 items and included items for the following scales (see 1961 Priests Study and 1967 Sisters' Survey): Belief (Pre- and Post-Vatican II, 5 items each), Brink (6 items), Anomie (6 items), F (6 items), and Neal (Values, Interest, Change, NonChange, 5 items each).

The rate of return was 66% for teachers, 18% for all other populations combined. Completed questionnaires can be found in CNEA 48/14-22. Computer printouts of frequencies and cross-tabulations of the data from the attitude survey are found in CNEA 111-112.

A xeroxed copy of the final report can be found in CNEA Neal/Processing Info folder 2. An original copy can be found in CNEA 46/15, which also contains a manuscript of a more detailed analysis of the Part I reports. A manuscript analysis of the Part II attitude survey can be found in CNEA 45/54.