"A Trio of New Bishops; Archbishop Ireland Acts as Consecrator" - Chicago Tribune, 1889/1228, CASM /3.11, Box: UNDA-CC-0009. Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis Collection, ASM. University of Notre Dame Archives. https://archivesspace.library.nd.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/41840 Accessed December 27, 2025.