On the Feast of the Immaculate Conception the Vatican Council was convened. Because the Catholic Church has exercised her authority over the consciences of men, she has been opposed by the powers of the world for they thought that she was dangerous to the state, as was the case with the Roman Emperors. The Church has always felt that the state was incompetent in matters spiritual and of conscience. Rome had for days anticipated the commencement of the Council and early the first morning people thronged to St. Peter's, completely filling the Basilica. About 700 mitres were present including 30 mitered Abbots. Monsignor Dupanloup resolutely opposes the definition of the dogma of "Papal Infallibility", but declares himself obedient to the decision of the Council. The Anglican Tractarians sent a commissioner to the Council and are likely to be heard if they are submissive and sincere to the Holy See, and if their orders are not recognized they will submit. The writer sends copies of the "Giornale di Roma" and "L'Osservatore Romano" which contain a report of the opening ceremonies of the Council. He cannot send an account of the proceedings of the Council for all proceedings are secret unless authoritatively published, but as soon as they are released he will forward them immediately. The last session of the Council will be held on the Feast of the Epiphany, Friday Dec. 10. It is understood in Rome that the conversion of King Victor Emmanuel is sincere, but the writer has no definite information, but will send news about it at the next writing. Dr. Anderson and Mr. Charles O'Connor of New York are in Rome as is Mr. William Allies of London. :: I-1-n A.L.S. 7pp. 12mo.